The in vivo bioluminescence or fluorescence imaging system allows to carry out non-invasive longitudinal studies to measure the effect of a therapeutic treatment or the dynamics of the expression of a protein, including measures through the skull. Also, this technology is quick to generate images even with a large number of animals, is very sensitive to weak signals and permits to overcome non-specific noise. Its greatest asset is the normalization of the detected signal which allows the comparison of measurements with experiments performed on instruments of the same technology in other laboratories.