Neurobiology of tau protein: regulation and deregulation in vivo Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading form of dementia. The neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease include senile plaques of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides (a cleavage product of the Amyloid Precursor Protein, or APP), and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) of hyperphosphorylated tau protein assembled in paired helical filaments (PHF). […]